The Pilgrimage: Japan’s Traditional Journey to the 88 Temples of Shikoku

The pilgrimage (お遍路, Ohenro) is a traditional religious journey to 88 temples located in the Shikoku region of Japan. This pilgrimage, known as the Shikoku 88 Temple Pilgrimage, is closely associated with the Buddhist monk Kukai (also known as Kobo Daishi), who founded the temples and is revered as the central figure. The pilgrimage is not just a journey for tourism but a spiritual journey aimed at purification of the soul and deepening one’s understanding of Buddhist teachings. Pilgrims walk a long distance visiting these temples as part of their spiritual practice. ## The Origin and History of the Pilgrimage The origins of the pilgrimage trace back to Kukai (Kobo Daishi), a monk of the 9th century. He visited Shikoku, where he practiced asceticism and built temples in various locations. These temples became significant centers of Buddhist practice, and visiting them for prayer was believed to bring purification and salvation. The purpose of the pilgrimage is not only to visit the temples but also to achieve spiritual purification and learn the teachings of Buddhism. The pilgrimage became widely practiced after the Edo period. During this time, many people began to embark on the journey seeking spiritual purification and inner peace. Over time, the pilgrimage became a well-established tradition, growing in significance and attracting a large number of people. ## Features of the Pilgrimage and Its Purpose Pilgrims on the Ohenro journey visit 88 temples scattered across Shikoku, where they pray and learn about Buddhist teachings. Each temple holds spiritual significance, especially those associated with Kukai's life and teachings. The main purpose of the pilgrimage is not just to travel physically but to purify one’s mind and learn about Buddhist principles. Key features of the pilgrimage include: - **Walking Pilgrimage**: Many pilgrims walk the pilgrimage route. Walking is seen as a form of spiritual practice that allows pilgrims to focus and purify their minds. - **Osettai (Offering)**: Local people often offer food and drink to pilgrims along the way. Known as "Osettai," these offerings are a gesture of kindness and support. However, Osettai is not guaranteed for every pilgrim, as it depends on the generosity of local people. - **White Robes and Prayer Beads**: Pilgrims typically wear white robes and carry prayer beads (juzu) as they make the journey. The white robes symbolize purity, while the prayer beads are used for chanting Buddhist prayers. ## The Spiritual Significance of the Pilgrimage The Ohenro pilgrimage is not just a physical journey but carries deep spiritual meaning. During their journey, pilgrims confront themselves and purify their hearts, seeking enlightenment through Buddhist teachings. The pilgrimage offers an opportunity for pilgrims to seek peace of mind and spiritual awakening. The impact of the pilgrimage on one’s inner self is profound. The physical exertion of walking combined with the spiritual purification process leads to significant personal growth. The Ohenro journey provides pilgrims a valuable opportunity to reflect on their lives, away from the distractions of daily life, and find inner peace. ## The Pilgrimage and Japanese Culture The Ohenro pilgrimage is deeply connected to Japan's Buddhist culture. It is a beloved and respected tradition that goes beyond mere religious observance, strengthening the bond between local communities and pilgrims. The pilgrimage is also a significant cultural event that fosters mutual understanding and strengthens ties between individuals and their communities. Additionally, the Ohenro pilgrimage has a notable impact on tourism and the local economy of Shikoku. Through the pilgrimage, local communities preserve their traditions while also promoting tourism. Many temples also offer warm hospitality to pilgrims, enriching the cultural experience for visitors. In recent years, the pilgrimage has gained attention as both a spiritual and tourist activity. Pilgrims from both Japan and abroad now participate, creating a platform for cultural exchange and collaboration between communities. ## In Conclusion The Ohenro pilgrimage is an iconic and deeply spiritual journey in Japan. It provides pilgrims with the opportunity to purify their hearts, seek spiritual enlightenment, and deepen their understanding of Buddhist teachings. It is not just a religious journey but also a vital cultural experience that strengthens bonds with local communities and supports spiritual growth. Ohenro is more than just a trip; it is a pathway to inner peace and personal transformation. By walking the 88 temples of Shikoku, pilgrims gain wisdom and peace of mind. The pilgrimage’s beauty lies in its ability to provide profound spiritual insight and connect individuals with the timeless teachings of Buddhism. It is a journey worth experiencing for anyone seeking to understand Japan's rich spiritual heritage.